What is rhinophyma?

Rhinophyma is a skin disorder that causes the nose to become enlarged and bulbous. The nose may look red, swollen, and distorted.

The condition is a subtype of rosacea, an inflammatory skin disease. Some people with rhinophyma may also experience symptoms of other rosacea subtypes.

Other subtypes of rosacea cause redness and small, pus-filled bumps on the face, commonly on the cheeks, chin, and nose.

Causes of Rhinophyma

The exact cause of rhinophyma is unknown. In the past, some people believed that alcohol consumption could lead to the condition.

There is no proven link between rhinophyma and alcohol, but alcohol and caffeine can both temporarily dilate blood vessels, and this seems to make rhinophyma worse.

Other risk factors for rosacea and rhinophyma include:

• having fair skin
• being male
• being middle-aged
• having a family history of rosacea

Rhinophyma Symptoms

The primary symptom of rhinophyma is a change in the color and shape of the nose. Over time, the tip of the nose may turn a deep red. It can also grow in odd directions and appear misshapen or bulbous.

Many people experience other symptoms, including:

• lumps on the nose due to the growth of extra connective tissue
• red or purplish discolouration
• enlarged pores
• thickened skin
• scarring or pitting
• dry or oily skin

Diagnosis

Rhinophyma typically begins following a rosacea diagnosis.

When rosacea is in its early stages, people often confuse it with conditions such as acne or eczema. It is easier to diagnose rosacea as the condition progresses.

The characteristic appearance of rhinophyma often makes it easy to diagnose with just a visual examination.

Treatments for Rhinophyma

There are a few different treatments for rhinophyma, depending on the progression of the symptoms.

Doctors typically treat rosacea with antibiotics and retinoids, but rhinophyma may not respond to the same treatments as other subtypes of rosacea.

Surgery

Surgery is often the best option for long-term rhinophyma treatment. As the tissues and blood vessels in the area keep growing, it is crucial to perform surgery as early as possible to prevent permanent disfigurement.

A person's choice of surgical treatment can also vary according to the results they want to achieve, which may involve:

• removing growths or excess layers of skin
• reshaping a disfigured nose
• reducing the appearance of tiny, superficial blood vessels in the area
• improving the overall look of the skin